Alkaline water, also known as ionized alkaline water, is water with a higher pH level compared to regular water. The pH scale measures the balance of acids and bases in a substance. Normally, the pH of water falls between 6.5 and 8.5, and it is regulated by the carbonic acid-bicarbonate-carbonate equilibrium system.

When the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide increases, the water becomes more acidic, lowering its pH. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide results in higher pH, making the water alkaline.

Why pH Matters: The Role of Alkaline Water

The pH of water is an important factor in determining its corrosive properties, especially regarding its interaction with metals in water distribution systems. Corrosive water, which can dissolve metals like copper and lead, poses potential health risks as these metals enter drinking water. On the other hand, acidic water (pH below 7) is more corrosive than alkaline water, which is why using alkaline chemicals to treat water is often recommended to reduce corrosion.

How is Alkaline Water Produced?

Alkaline water can be produced through a process called electrolysis, which separates acidic and alkaline components in the water. Water naturally becomes alkaline when it flows through rocks, picking up minerals like calcium and magnesium. This process also creates water rich in hydrogen, known as reduced alkaline water.

The Health Benefits of Alkaline Water

Research has suggested various health benefits associated with drinking alkaline water. Here are some of the most notable advantages:

1. Improved Metabolic Function: Studies show that drinking alkaline ionized water can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. It also helps suppress the production of free radicals, improving metabolic function in animals with metabolic disorders.
2. Protection Against Oxidative Damage: Alkaline water has been found to protect pancreatic beta cells from oxidative damage, which is crucial for maintaining proper insulin production and preventing diabetes.
3. Weight Management: In obese mice, alkaline water has helped slow down weight gain by regulating cholesterol homeostasis.
4. Kidney Health: In patients with end-stage kidney disease, alkaline water has been shown to reduce the side effects of hemodialysis, such as excessive free radical production.
5. Bladder Health: Alkaline water can accelerate the excretion of melamine in cases of urinary bladder stones, preventing its accumulation and improving conditions related to bladder stones.
6. Digestive Health: Due to its higher pH, alkaline water is beneficial for neutralizing excess acid in the stomach, making it effective in treating digestive disorders like hyperacidity, acid reflux, and diarrhea.
7. Reflux Disease: Alkaline water helps neutralize stomach acid and inhibit pepsin, the enzyme responsible for reflux disease, providing relief for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
8. Hydration and Blood Viscosity: In cases of dehydration due to exercise, alkaline water has been shown to reduce blood viscosity, which improves circulation and overall hydration.
9. Longevity: Some studies suggest that drinking alkaline water may contribute to a longer lifespan. Mice given alkaline water showed better survival rates compared to those given regular water.
10. Skin Health: Bathing in alkaline water has been linked to improved skin conditions. Studies have shown that it reduces UV-induced skin damage by maintaining a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Are There Any Risks to Drinking Alkaline Water?

Despite its many health benefits, it is crucial to maintain proper quality control to ensure that the pH of alkaline water remains within a safe and acceptable range.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality, water with a pH above 9 can cause skin and eye irritation in animals like rabbits and mice. In humans, water with a pH higher than 10 can irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may also cause digestive discomfort in sensitive individuals. Additionally, during the electrolysis process, the breakdown of electrodes may release highly reactive platinum nanoparticles, which could have toxic effects.

Conclusion

Alkaline water offers numerous potential health benefits, from improving metabolic function to enhancing skin health. However, it’s essential to ensure that the pH levels are within safe limits to avoid potential irritation or harm. As with any health trend, moderation and proper guidance are key to reaping the full benefits of alkaline water while minimizing any risks.